Old English · suffix
-est
- Part of speech
- suffix, feminine
- Declension
- strong ō-stem
- IPA
- /est/
- Syllables
- est (1 syllable)
- Modern English
- -est-storiginally
-est1 · suffix · feminine
Senses
-
suffix forming feminine nouns, originally from verbs
eornost
earnest
Declension · strong ō-stem
-est2 · suffix · alternative form
Senses
-
alternative form of -ost (“used to form superlative adjectives and adverbs”)
glēaw (“wise”) + -est → glēawest (“wisest”)
Declension · weak
| Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | |||
| Nominative | -esta | -este | -este |
| Accusative | -estan | -estan | -este |
| Genitive | -estan | -estan | -estan |
| Dative | -estan | -estan | -estan |
| Instrumental | -estan | -estan | -estan |
| Plural | |||
| Nominative | -estan | -estan | -estan |
| Accusative | -estan | -estan | -estan |
| Genitive | -estra-estena | -estra-estena | -estra-estena |
| Dative | -estum | -estum | -estum |
| Instrumental | -estum | -estum | -estum |
-est3 · suffix
Senses
-
Forms the second-person singular of class I weak verbs
fremman (“to perform”) + -est → fremest (“you perform”)
All forms (7)
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic *-ustaz, *-istaz.
Inherited from Proto-West Germanic *-ist, from Proto-Germanic *-istaz, from Proto-Indo-European *-istos, from *-yōs + *-tHós.
Inherited from Proto-West Germanic *-ēs with paragogic -t added from when þū follows (compare Anglian Old English -es), from Proto-Germanic *-ēz (with -s by analogy with present forms), from Proto-Indo-European *-eh₁si (in *dʰédʰeh₁si, form of *dʰédʰeh₁ti).
Descendants
-est, -st
Source: Wiktionary, CC BY-SA 4.0 · en.wiktionary.org/wiki/-est · CC BY-SA 4.0 licence · Attribution