eldertongue

Old English · verb

healdan

Part of speech
verb
Verb class
strong class VII
IPA
/ˈxæ͜ɑl.dɑn/
[ˈhæ͜ɑɫ.dɑn]
Syllables
ˈxæ͜ɑl · dɑn (2 syllables)
Modern English
ha'dcontainholdmaintain

Meaning

  1. to keep watch over (cattle etc.)

    Old English Heptateuch, Genesis 4:9

    ...should I watch over my brother?

  2. to hold fast, to grasp

  3. to contain

  4. to possess

    Ðyllīce word María hēold ārǣfniġende on hire heortan.

    Such words Mary held, pondering them in her heart.

    c. 992, Ælfric, "Sermon on the Nativiity of Our Lord"
  5. to keep, hold, preserve something in a specific position or state

    Iċ… hlūde ċirme, healde mīne wīsan, hlēoþre ne mīþe,…

    I… loudly cry out, hold my tone, don't hide a sound,…

    10th century, Exeter Book Riddle 8:
  6. to keep to, maintain, observe a custom or habit

    Rōmanisc̄e lēodan ongynnað heora ġēar æfter hǣðenum ġewunan on winterlīċere tīde. Ebrei healdað heora geares annginn on lenctenlīcre emnihte. Đā Grēcisċan onginnað hyra ġēar æt ðām sunnstede; ⁊ ða Egiptisċan on hærfest.

    The Roman people begin theirs, after the heathen custom, in the winter time. The Hebrews observe the beginning of their year on the vernal equinox. The Greeks begin their year at the solstice; and the Egyptians in the fall.

    c. 994, Ælfric, On the Seasons of the Year
  7. to maintain one’s position against an enemy

Conjugation

Conjugation of healdan
PresentPast
Indicative
1st singular healdehēold
2nd singular hielsthieltsthēolde
3rd singular hielthēold
Plural healdaþhēoldon
Subjunctive
Singular healdehēolde
Plural healdenhēolden
Non-finite forms of healdan
Form
Infinitive healdan
Inflected infinitive healdenne
Imperative singular heald
Imperative plural healdaþ
Present participle healdende
Past participle healdenġehealden

All forms (15)

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *haldan, from Proto-Germanic *haldaną (“to watch, look after”). Cognate with Old Frisian halda (West Frisian hâlde), Old Saxon haldan (Low German holen), Old Dutch haldan (Dutch houden), Old High German haltan (German halten), Old Norse halda (Swedish hålla, Danish holde), Gothic (haldan).

Descendants

ha'd, hold

Source: Wiktionary, CC BY-SA 4.0 · en.wiktionary.org/wiki/healdan · CC BY-SA 4.0 licence · Attribution